To update index p (0‑based) to value v :
In 2009, three Chinese competitive programmers, Zhang, Kong, and Wu, were working on a project to optimize their code for a specific problem. They were frustrated with the limitations of traditional segment trees, which were not efficient enough for their needs. After months of experimentation and refinement, they finally developed the ZKW segment tree.
建议先熟练掌握传统线段树，理解其原理后再学习 ZKW 写法，这样能更好地理解那些位运算背后的逻辑。
return res;
1 ) | 1 . 2. Key Advantages vs. Traditional Segment Trees Feature Traditional Segment Tree zkw Segment Tree Logic Flow Recursive (Top-Down) Iterative (Bottom-Up) Time Constant Large (function call overhead) Very small (bitwise ops only) Code Length Often 50+ lines Can be as short as 10-20 lines Space 4
This works in $O(\log N)$ and is much faster than binary search on prefix sums.
To update index p (0‑based) to value v :
In 2009, three Chinese competitive programmers, Zhang, Kong, and Wu, were working on a project to optimize their code for a specific problem. They were frustrated with the limitations of traditional segment trees, which were not efficient enough for their needs. After months of experimentation and refinement, they finally developed the ZKW segment tree. zkw线段树
建议先熟练掌握传统线段树，理解其原理后再学习 ZKW 写法，这样能更好地理解那些位运算背后的逻辑。 To update index p (0‑based) to value v
return res;
1 ) | 1 . 2. Key Advantages vs. Traditional Segment Trees Feature Traditional Segment Tree zkw Segment Tree Logic Flow Recursive (Top-Down) Iterative (Bottom-Up) Time Constant Large (function call overhead) Very small (bitwise ops only) Code Length Often 50+ lines Can be as short as 10-20 lines Space 4 three Chinese competitive programmers
This works in $O(\log N)$ and is much faster than binary search on prefix sums.