| Feature | Detail | |---------|--------| | Pipe angle | 45° from horizontal or vertical | | Pipe rotation | (cannot roll) | | Welding progression | All-around (uphill, downhill, overhead, flat) | | Difficulty | Very high | | Typical codes | ASME Section IX, AWS D1.1, API 1104 |
| Clock position | Welding position | |----------------|------------------| | 12 o’clock (top) | Overhead | | 3 o’clock | Vertical (uphill or downhill) | | 6 o’clock (bottom) | Flat | | 9 o’clock | Vertical (opposite side) | 6g welding positions
According to the American Welding Society (AWS) and ISO standards: | Feature | Detail | |---------|--------| | Pipe