Bulk | Density Tester

Your tester must comply with relevant standards for data acceptance.

There are two primary standardized setups used globally, primarily governed by , USP <616> , and ISO 3953 . bulk density tester

Before choosing a tester, you must understand the two states of density being measured: Your tester must comply with relevant standards for

| Carr’s Index (%) | Character of Powder | | :--- | :--- | | 5 - 15 | Excellent Flow | | 12 - 16 | Good Flow | | 18 - 21 | Fair Flow | | 23 - 35 | Poor Flow | | > 40 | Very Poor / Cohesive | primarily governed by

| Mistake | Consequence | Fix | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Tapping too fast (>300 taps/min) | Powder fluidizes, giving false low density | Use 250–300 taps/min (USP allows 250±15) | | Reading volume before fines settle | 5–10% high tapped volume | Wait 10–15 sec after last tap | | Using cylinder with chipped rim | Leveling error >2% | Discard damaged cylinders | | Not correcting for temperature | Density changes ~0.1% per °C (air expansion) | Record room temp; use reference temp | | Using different funnel heights daily | Irreproducible LBD (±8%) | Fix funnel height permanently |