Active Transport Examples _best_ -

Though often coupled to a proton gradient (secondary active transport), the initial establishment of that gradient requires primary active transport (proton pumps). E. coli can accumulate lactose inside the cell 1000× higher than outside.

) from the cytoplasm back into storage. This rapid removal allows muscle fibers to relax after a contraction. Secondary Active Transport Examples active transport examples

In muscle cells and the endoplasmic reticulum, this pump actively removes calcium ions into the SR or out of the cytoplasm. Low cytosolic calcium is essential for muscle relaxation and signaling. Though often coupled to a proton gradient (secondary

Cells continuously take in micro-droplets of extracellular fluid. This non-specific process allows the cell to sample the surrounding fluid and absorb dissolved nutrients. ) from the cytoplasm back into storage

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Found in nearly all animal cell membranes, this pump moves 3 sodium ions of the cell and 2 potassium ions in , both against their gradients. This maintains resting potential in neurons and drives secondary active transport.