Sdhdship -

| Category | Description | Representative Works | Typical Use‑Cases | |----------|-------------|----------------------|-------------------| | | One central coordinator plus distributed nodes. | Smith et al., 2018; IEEE‑STD‑1234 | Smart‑grid monitoring | | 3.2 Fully Decentralized | Peer‑only with consensus mechanisms. | Lee & Kumar, 2020; Blockchain‑based sdhdship | Autonomous vehicle fleets | | 3.3 Hierarchical (Multi‑Tier) | Edge‑cloud‑core layers. | Patel et al., 2022 | Real‑time video analytics | | 3.4 Adaptive/Elastic | Dynamic reconfiguration based on workload. | Zhou et al., 2023 | Disaster‑response communications |

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