Strpxspoofer -

The proliferation of Internet‑of‑Things (IoT) devices and the increasing reliance on heterogeneous communication protocols have broadened the attack surface for network‑level spoofing attacks. STRPXSpoofer is a newly identified class of spoofing tools that target the Secure Transmission and Routing Protocol eXtended (STRPX) – a lightweight, cryptographically‑enhanced protocol widely adopted in low‑power sensor networks. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the STRPXSpoofer architecture, outlines its operational capabilities, evaluates its impact on critical infrastructures, and proposes a multi‑layered detection and mitigation framework. Experimental results from a controlled testbed demonstrate that the proposed defenses reduce successful spoofing attempts by up to 96 % with negligible overhead.

| Threat | Description | Impact | |--------|-------------|--------| | | An attacker forges STRPX control frames (e.g., Route Update , Join Request ) to mislead routing tables. | Network partitioning, traffic redirection. | | Tampering | Modification of payloads in transit using reused symmetric keys discovered via Key‑Reuse Analyzer . | Data integrity loss. | | Repudiation | Lack of non‑repudiable logs for unauthenticated frames allows the attacker to deny actions. | Auditing difficulty. | | Information Disclosure | Passive sniffing of unencrypted “hello” broadcasts yields topology information. | Facilitates targeted attacks. | | Denial of Service | Flooding of malformed frames triggers error handling loops in nodes. | Service outage. | | Elevation of Privilege | Successful spoofing of Join Request messages grants the attacker node status. | Full network participation. | strpxspoofer

| Metric | Baseline (no IDS) | With IDS | CPU Utilization Increase | Energy Impact | |--------|-------------------|----------|--------------------------|----------------| | Packet Latency (ms) | 12 | 13.5 | +1.5 % | Negligible | | Memory Footprint (KB) | 8 | 12 | — | — | | Battery Drain (mAh/Day) | 3.2 | 3.4 | +6 % | Acceptable | | | Tampering | Modification of payloads in

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